Notice: 1. Write down your name on answer sheet.
2. Write down your studen identitiy number (NEM).
3. Choose the right answer, and cicle …
1. Water is importance component in the body:
A. Female has more total body water than male
B. Extracellular water: 40% body weight
C. Intracellular water: 20% body weight
D. The kidney plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of water homeostasis.
2. Hypovolemia:
A. Hypovolemia could cause tissue hyperperfusion
B. One of the sign hypovolemia is high blood pressure
C. is a condition of body fluids lacking in volume
D. In hipovolemia, hemoglobin is usually low.
3. Dehydration:
A. Is water decreases without the electrolytes
B. The level of plasma sodium is normal
C. The difference between volume depletion and dehydration is level of potassium
D. Could caused by the use of diuretics.
4. One of the statement below can be used to diagnose nephrotic syndrome.
A. Water and potassium retention.
B. Edema anasarca that caused by decrease of colloid osmotic pressure.
C. Hypernatremia is common condition.
D. Diuretics could cause hyperkalemia.
5. The condition below can be appeared in renal failure.
A. Metabolic acidosis.
B. Hypokalemia.
C. Water depletion.
D. Creatinine clearence more than 60 ml/minute.
6. Hypernatremia means …
A. serum sodium level above 160 meq/l.
B. could happens when water excreation passes beyond the sodium excretion.
C. drink a lot of sodium 0,9% solution.
D. there is an “U” wave in ECG pattern.
7. Potassium is importance electolyte in the body.
A. Concentration in extracell more than intracellular.
B. The function is membrane depolarization.
C. Usually low in endstage renal failure.
D. Insulin can stimulate potassium exit from cell.
8. One of the statements below hypokalemia:
A. Could caused by administration of sprinolacton diuretic.
B. Serum potassium < 2 mmol/l is life threatening symptoms.
C. ECG examination could not detect the abnormality.
D. The treatment of severe hypokalemia is oral potassium salt
9. Clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia is …
A. constipation.
B. bladder dysfunction.
C. ECG abnormality.
D. glucose intolerance.
10. Metabolic acidosis is …
A. the symptom is dyspnoe d’effort.
B. high HCO3- concentrtion.
C. could happen in uncontrol diabetes mellitus.
D. usually occur in acute nephritic syndrom.
11. The diseases that could cause primary glomerulonephritis is …
A. diabetes melitus.
B. hypertension.
C. pharingitis caused by streptococcus.
D. lupus.
12. The condition that occur quick deterioration of renal function in glomerulonephritis patient is called by …
A. acute renal failure.
B. chronic renal failure.
C. rapidly progressive glomeulonephritis.
D. acute nephritic syndrom.
13. The pathogenesis of immune glomerulonephritis is …
A. Immune complex deposition in kidney.
B. reactive oxygen species in kidney.
C. glomerular hypertension.
D. Advance Glicosylation end-products
14. Lupus nephritis:
A. Seen at all of SLE patients
B. Primary glumoelonephritis
C. triggered by formation of immune complexes within glomerular capillary wall
D. could not cause renal failure
15. Nephrotic syndrome:
A. Edema anasarca+hypoalbuminemia+hypercholesterolemia+ nephrotic proteinuria
B. Edema anasarca+hypoalbuminemia+hypertension+massive proteinuria
C. Could not cause coagulation abnormalities
D. Could caused by Diabetes Melitus.
16. Nephrotic syndrom that has good prognosis is:
A. Membranous glomerulopathy
B. Minimal change disease (MCD)
C. Focal segmental glomerulosklerosis (FSGS)
D. Membranoproliferatif glomerulosklerosis (MPGN)
This case to questions number 17 untill 20.
A man, aged 23, complaining of periorbital oedem since several days ago. As he came to see a doctor, he find his blood pressure measurement as high as 160/100 mmHg, and quantitative protein urine was 1.5g/day as well.
17. The appropriate diagnosis of this case is …
A. nephrotic syndrome
B. acute nephritic syndrome
C. acute renal failure
D. hypertension
18. The additional examination to support this diagnosis is …
A. ultrasonography.
B. chest x-ray.
C. abdominal x-ray.
D. renal biopsy.
19. Drug of choice to releave such a disease is …
A. antihypertensive agent.
B. antidepressant.
C. antidiuretic.
D. steroid.
20. The renal function of this case:
A. Abnormal, because proteinuria
B. Normal, because the patient was not dispnoe
C. Depend on the ureum and creatinine serum consentration
D. Ultrasonography could determine renal function
This case to questions number 21 untill 23.
Mrs. Cinta, 21 years old, presents with left lower quadrant mass. An anterior 7 cm, firm adnexal mass is palpated. Ultrasound confirm a complex left adnexal mass with solid part components that appear to contain bone and teeth.
21. What is your diagnosis for this case?
A. Endometriosis cyst
B. Bartholin cyst
C. Gartner cyst
D. Dermoid cyst
22. What percentage of these tumors are bilateral?
A. Less than 1%
B. 2 to 3%
C. 10 to 25%
D. Greater than 75%
23. What is your management for this case?
A. Cystectomy
B. Hysterectomy
C. Medication
D. Supportive theraphy
This case to questions number 24 untill 26.
A 38 years old woman is seen for evaluation of a swelling in her right vulva. She had also noted pain in this area when walking and during intercourse. At the time of pelvic examination, a mildly tender, fluctuant mass is noted just outside the introitus in the posterior part of labium majus. According to this case, please answer question number 4-6 below.
24. What is your diagnosis for this case?
A. Bartholin cyst
B. Inclusion cyst
C. Epidermoid cyst
D. Follicle cyst
25. What is the treatment?
A. Surgical exicion
B. Incision
C. Medication
D. Observation
26. What is your suggestion for this case?
A. Healthy food
B. Improve personal hygiene
C. No alcohol
D. No drug abuse
This case to questions number 27 untill 30.
Mrs. Virgin, 46 years old,comes to see you complaining of menometrorrhagia. Her LMP (last menstrual period) was 5 weeks ago and so heavy that she could not leave the house. She felt a mass in her lower abdomen, no pain, no changes in her urine or bowel habits. Her pelvic examination demonstrates that her uterus is about 15-week size in the central, solid, mobile and firm. Based on this story, please answer question number 7-10 below.
27. What is your diagnosis?
A. Ovarian tumor
B. Uterine fibroid
C. Nevus pigmentosus
D. Hemangioma
28. What is your next examination?
A. Pelvic ultrasound
B. Urinalisis
C. Chest X-ray
D. Tumor marker
29. What is the appropriate management for this case?
A. Progestin supplementation
B. Myomectomy
C. Hysterectomy
D. Observation
30. What is your next concern after surgical theraphy?
A. Mammography
B. Laboratory examination
C. Histopathological examination
D. Abdominal X-ray.
31. Leydic cell :
A. Located in seminiferus tubule
B. B.Small nucleus
C. C.Basophile cytoplasm
D. D.Oval or polygonal in shape
32. Seminal vesicle :
A. A.Flat mucosa
B. B.Cutoplasm containing lipochrom pigment
C. C.Lamina propria containing collagen fiber
D. D.Capsule containing fibro elastic fiber
33. Corpora amylosa is …
A. brown yellow in color.
B. round on shape.
C. containing lipid and nucleic acid.
D. looks concentric in longitudinal section.
34. Cowper gland is …
A. complex tubuler gland.
B. tubules longitude an irregular ductus.
C. transtitional epithelia.
D. epithel cytoplasm contain lipid.
35. Ejaculatory ductus is …
A. Thick mucosa membrane.
B. Many thick fold.
C. Simple columnar epithel or stratified pseudo.
D. Epithel with secretoric characteristic.
36. Grafian follicle is …
A. Coated with low cuboids cell.
B. Stratified follicle cell.
C. Corona radiate aviable.
D. Small nucleus.
37.The process of follicle to be broken is caused by:
A. Enzyme activity.
B. Dilution of follicle wall.
C. Decrease of anthrum liquid.
D. Hypervascularisation.
38. Corpus luteum secretes hormone:
A. Progeterone.
B. Estrogen.
C. LTH.
D. LH.
39. The longest part of uterine tube is …
A. infundibulum
B. Ampula
C. Isthmus
D. Intramural
40.The role of hormone progesterone in functioning tube is as …
A. ovum transportation
B. cilia wave acceleration
C. nutrition
D. secretion
42. Inflammation on urinary bladder caused by Schistosoma haematobium tends to be high risk for squamous cell carcinoma’s occurrence by…
A. Trigonum disorder
B. Long term bleeding for anemia
C. Vesicoureteral. reflux
D. Squamous metaplasia in transitional cells
42. Retention urine is rarely found in prostate malignancy because….
A. malignancy is commonly found in anterior zone.
B. malignancy is more common in peripheral zone.
C. malignancy in prostate does not suppress sensory nerves.
D. malignancy in prostate rarely causes inflammation.
43. These following microscopic features; proliferation of acini and stroma (muscular and fibrovascular), stromal edema, periductal inflammation, necrosis, peripheral bleeding, squamous metaplasia in ductuli and acini, as well as peripheral infarct, can be found in…
A. prostate hyperplasia.
B. prostate carcinoma.
C. prostatitis.
D. prostate atrophy.
44. A 70 year-old male came to a medical clinic with a chief complain of urine retention. By after digital rectal examination, prostate was firm, and there were peripheral bulgings. The patient has pathological fracture in his femur. The most possible dis-order in this patient is….
A. prostate hyperplasia.
B. prostate carcinoma.
C. prostatitis.
D. prostate atrophy.
45. These following are microscopic features; squamous papilloma, acanthosis, hyper-keratosis, papilomatosis, and koilocytosis, are found in a penis disorder which is commonly known as….
A. Bowen disease.
B. balanitis.
C. condyloma accuminatum.
D. squamous cell carcinoma.
46. Inflammation on testis can cause infertility due to….
A. edema in interstisium.
B. distribution of inflammatory cells through seminiferus tubules.
C. necrosis in leydig cells.
D. fibrosis and atrophy of seminiferus tubules.
47. The testis malignancy with the following characteristics: high incidence where frequently related to cryptorchidism and testis enlargement. Microscopic appearances are; uniformity of polyhedral cells, big nuclei, abundance of and clear cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, formation of irregular septa of fibrous stroma with lymphocyte infiltration, This is known as…
A. embryonal cell carcinoma.
B. seminoma.
C. choriocarcinoma.
D. yolk Sac tumor.
48. A disorder in testis with microscopic appearances; Schiller–duval bodies-like, with-in and alongside of cells with eosinophilic hyaline globules of keratin (immuno-reactive to AFP and α1-antitrypsin), tumor cells show aneuploidy DNA. This is a feature of …
A. embryonal cell carcinoma.
B. teratoma.
C. seminoma.
D. yolk Sac tumor.
49. Exstrophy on anterior wall of urinary bladder is a one of risk factors for malig-nancies’ occurrence because of….
A. squamous metaplasm’s recurrence infection.
B. recurrence of bleeding.
C. recurrence of virus and parasite superinfection.
D. deep ulcer in urinary bladder’s wall.
50. One of prognostic parameters in transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is…
A. lympnode’s enlargement.
B. gross haematuria.
C. pus in urine.
D. fungating type of carcinoma.
51. The histologic section of the uterine cervix showes koilocytosis, which resuls from
infection with …
A. adenovirus.
B. cytomegalovirus.
C. human papillomavirus.
D. herpes simplex virus.
52. A 29 Year old female presents with severe pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhe- al), based on pathology report from the specimen makes the diagnosis of chronic endometritis, which one of following was present in the biopsy sample of the endometrium?
A. Neutrophils.
B. Lymphocytes.
C. Decidualized stromal cells.
D. Plasma cell.
53. Which one of the listed endometrial abnormalities has the greatest risk of developing
into endometrial cancer?
A. Complex Hyperplasia.
B. Atypical hyperplasia.
C. Simple hyperplasia .
D. Cystic hyperplasia.
54. A 25-year-old female present with lower abdominal pain,fever, and a vaginal
discharge. Pelvic examination reveals bilateral adnexal tenderness and pain when the
cervix is manipulated. Culture taken from vaginal discharge grow neisseria
gonorrhea.What is the cause of this patien’s adnexal pain?
A. Adenomatoid tumor.
B. Ectopic pregnancy.
C. Endometriosis.
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease.
55. Which one of the listed hormone has stimulation in an adult female increase the risk
Of development of endometrial hyperplasia and subsequent carcinoma.
A. Progesteron.
B. Estrogen.
C. Androgen.
D. Luteinizing hormon.
56. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is most likely to be associated with a …
A. clear cell tumor of the kidney.
B. cystic tumor of the gall bladder.
C. mucinous tumor of the ovary.
D. serous tumor of the ovary.
57. A 32 year old female presents with oligomenorrhea followed by amenorrhea ,and then the lost of female secondary characteristic.Which one of the following ovarian tumor would most likely produce these symptoms?
A. Epithelial tumor.
B. Stromal tumor.
C. Germ cell tumor.
D. Surface tumor.
58. What is the most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
A. Gardnerella.
B. Trichomonas.
C. Human Papilloma virus.
D. Gonorrhea.
59. What are the common locations of endometriosis?
A. Uterine ligaments, rectovaginal septum.
B. Abdominal wall, intestine.
C. Vesica urinaria, ureter.
D. Scarr post laparatomy, umbilicus.
60. What is the most common benign uterine tumor with estrogen sensitive, they
increase in size during pregnancy, and decrease in size following menopause ?
A. Adenomyosis.
B. Sarcoma.
C. Adenocarcinoma endometrium.
D. Leiomyoma.
61. Renal change in the kidney in a patient with diabetes mellitus may result in …
A. increased permeability to plasma protein
B. enhanced selectivity of the filtration barrier
C. hyperalbuminemia
D. thickening of the glomerular basement mambrane
62. Which of the following is involved in glomerular filtration?
A. Facilitated diffusion of large anionic protein.
B. Mantenance of a change barrier.
C. A physical barrier consisting of type II collagen.
D. Filtration slits between adjacent andothelial cells.
63. Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla?
A. Proximal convulted tubules.
B. Distal convulted tubules.
C. Collecting ducts.
D. Thin loops of Henle.
64. Microscopics structure of ureter is as follow:
A. Transitional ciliated epithelium.
B. Supported by lamina propria (lp).
C. Thick submucosa layer.
D. Outer smooth muscle layer is a circular layer.
65. The renal corpuscle containings cells that contributing in defans mechanism in renal:
A. Podocytes.
B. Mesangial cells.
C. Macula densa cells.
D. An endoyhelial epithelial cells.
66. Outer medulla of ren is contain:
A. Ascending thick seg.(at)
B. Thin segment loop of Henle.
C. Descending thick segment.
D. Distal convulted tubules.
67. Pars radiata cortex of ren is contain:
A. Renal corpuscles.
B. Proximal convulted tubules.
C. Distal convulted tubules.
D. Collecting ducts.
68. Parietal layer epithelium of corpusculum renalis:
A. Become continous with the wall of proximal segment of renal tubule.
B. Simple columnar epithelium.
C. Basal lamina is fused with basal lamina endothelium capilaries.
D. Cytoplasm is in form of trabecular processes.
69. Structure of proximal convulted tubule is:
A. Longest, most convulted segment of nephron
B. Form mayor portion of medullar subst.
C. Single layer low cuboidal squamous cell
D. No brush border although a few short microvilli in electron micrograft
70. Histofisiology of nephron
A. Urea reabsorbed in the proximal convulted tubule
B. Erytrropoietin increase rate of division erythrocyte cells
C. Antidiuretic hormone regulate permeability of collecting tubule to water
D. 70% sodium and water is reabsorbed in distal convulted tubule
71. Congenital cause of urinary obstruction & stasis is …
A. benign prostatic hyperplasia
B. spina bifida
C. urethral stricture
D. compression of the ureters at the pelvic brim by metastatic nodes from cancer of the cervix
72. Treatment of urinary obstruction is …
A. drugs.
B. diets.
C. relief of obstruction/surgery.
D. isotope scanning.
73. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is cause urinary obstruction at the level of …
A. upper trac
B. lower trac
C. mid tract
D. ureter
74. Etiology of the urinary stone disease is …
A. nucleation.
B. normal urine.
C. calcium.
D. citrate.
75. Treatment of urinary stone disease with shock wave is …
A. pyelolithotomy.
B. percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
C. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
D. ureterolithotomy.
76. Risk factor of the bladder carcinoma is …
A. cyclophosphamide.
B. adenocarcinoma.
C. blood.
D. vincristine.
77. Symptom of renal carcinoma is …
A. gross hematuria.
B. clear urine.
C. foot pain.
D. pelvic pain.
78. Iritative symptom of the benign prostatic hyperplasia is …
A. hesitancy.
B. decreased force and caliber of stream.
C. post void dribbling.
D. urgency.
79. Treatment of mild symptoms (AUA/IPSS score 0-7) benign prostatic hyperplasia is …
A. watchfull waiting.
B. medical therapy.
C. transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
D. transurethral incision of the prostate.
80. Surgical treatment of the benign prostatic hyperplasia is …
A. urinary retention.
B. mild symptoms score.
C. urgency.
D. hesitancy.
81. One of the statements below about congenital anomalies is correct:
A. Most of the congenital anomalies are secondary to an underlying chromo-somal disorder.
B. In children, 20% of chronic renal failure is due to agenesis.
C. In adults, 10% of chronic renal failure is due to adult polycystic kidney disease
D. Horseshoe kidney is fused at upper pole, associated with ectopic kidney.
82. Adult polycystic kidney disease has one of the following features: …
A. Is a non hereditary disease.
B. Gross morphology reveals: kidneys are bilaterally enlarged.
C. Is an autosomal recessive disease.
D. Associated with mutations of PKD1 gene on chromosome 6 p 13.
83. A child who has been suffering from sore throat, fever and fatique, presented with mild proteinuria, pretibial edema. The appropriate diagnose is …
A. minimal change disease.
B. Henoch Schonlein purpura.
C. membranous glomerulopathy.
D. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
84. Rapidly progressive glomerulopathy has a feature below: …
A. Presence of pulmonary hemorrhage and crescents formation in Bowman capsule.
B. Caused by systemic non-immunological diseases.
C. Electron microscopy discloses subendothelial deposit.
D. Rarely causes loss of renal function.
85. A patient was admitted to hospital with generalized edema, hyperlipidemia. Biopsy revealed subepithelial deposit and spikes in the glomerular basement membrane. The appropriate diagnosis would be …
A. membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
B. membranous glomerulopathy.
C. systemic Lupus erythematosus.
D. lipoid nephrosis.
86. Henoch Schonlein Purpura has one of the following features:
A. Is common among the adults
B. Deposition of immuno-complex in the subepithelial side of glomerulus
C. The patient has strong background of atopy.
D. Prognosis is bad.
87. Diabetic nephropathy has one of the following features below:
A. The onset is acute
B. Only occurs in type I diabetes.
C. Usually has massive proteinuria as early as 2 years after the onset
D. Most striking morphologic changes are: diffuse and nodular glomerulo-sclerosis and capillary basement membrane thickening.
88. Systemic lupus erythematosus shows one of the following features:
A. Manifests in older women.
B. Impares renal function due to in situ or circulating immune complex.
C. Rarely causes renal failure.
D. Not infrequently affect men of younger ages.
89. Acute tubular necrosis is characterized by one of the following features below: …
A. Destruction of tubules epithelial cells and acute renal failure.
B. Caused by reduced water intake.
C. Increased urine out put.
D. Trauma to the retroperitoneal is one of the causes.
90. Pyelonephritis has one of the following characteristics: …
A. Ususally caused by instrumentation or pregnancy
B. Microscopic findings are: tubular thyroidization and periglomerular fibrosis
C. Mostly affecting tubules and interstitium
D. Kidney becomes enlarged and dilated
This case to questions number 91 untill 100.
Robi, male, 4 ½ years old, taken to outpatient care because of pain during micturition. He frequently passed only small amount of urine since 2 days ago. No complaint of fever or tenderness on waist, but there was tenderness on suprapubic region. No history of consuming jengkol. Routine urine examination: leucocyturia and microscopic hematuria.
91. What wasthe most probable diagnosis for this patient?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Cystitis
C. Interstitialis nephritis
D. Glomerulonephritis
92. Gold standard examination to establish the diagnosis was …
A. Urine nitrit
B. Urine culture
C. Leucocyte esterase
D. Leucocyturia
93. The suitable dosage fo trimetoprim to be administered:
A. 2 mg/BW/d
B. 8 mg/BW/d
C. 40 mg/BW/d
D. 50 mg/BW/d
94. The most frequent species appear as aetiology for this case was
A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. E. coli
D. Proteus mirabilis
95. The suitable examination to determine VUR was …
A. USG.
B. VCUG (voiding cystouretrogram).
C. DMSA.
D. CT scan.
96. The most frequent anatomical anomaly appear as predisposing factor of urinary tract infection was …
A. Ureteral stenosis
B. Bladder diverticulum
C. Vesicoureteral reflux
D. Posterior ureteral valve that could occur on acute pyelonephritis.
97. Acute pyelonephritis could be complicated by …
A. chronic glomerulonephritis.
B. hypertension.
C. IgA nephropathy.
D. uretrithis.
98. Radiology imaging to detect early stages of pyelonephritis and renal scar is …
A. intravenous urography
B. renal cortical scintigraphy
C. CT scan
D. USG.
99. Reflux reach the renal pelvis no dilation of calyces
A. VUR grade I.
B. VUR grade II.
C. VUR grade III.
D. VUR grade IV.
100. The most common aetiology for haemorrhagic cystitis is …
A. Adenovirus.
B. E.coli.
C. Enterococci.
D. Haemophylus influenza
101. Long-term treatment with a glucocorticoid is usually required for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. However, it may produce unwanted side effects. These side effects include …
A. hypotension, anorexia, weight loss, insomnia.
B. moon face, adrenal atrophy, hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, osteoporosis.
C. headache, abdominal pain, lethargy.
D. vertigo, icterus, hyperbilirubinemia.
102. Glucocorticoids also have many metabolic effects. Choose one of the following options, which is not the metabolic effect of glucocorticoids.
A. Decreased protein anabolism.
B. Increased protein catabolism.
C. Increased gluconeogenesis.
D. Decreased transcription of genes for many cytokines (eg. interleukin-2).
103. Cyclosporine is widely used as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of rejection of transplanted organs . Cyclosporine produces its immunosuppressive effect by interacting with …
A. cyclophilin, a member of immunophilins.
B. nuclear receptors.
C. G-protein coupled receptors.
D. cyclophosphamide.
104. One of the listed immunosuppressants below is a cytotoxic drug. Please choose one out of the following options.
A. Prednisone.
B. Thalidomide.
C. Tacrolimus.
D. Methotrexate.
105. Choose one of the following effects which is not the side effect of cyclosporine.
A. Hypertension.
B. Nephrotoxicity.
C. Bone marrow suppression.
D. Hepatotoxicity.
106. Choose one out of four options below, which has the most potent anti-inflam-matory effect.
A. Hydrocortisone.
B. Dexamethasone.
C. Prednisolone.
D. Triamcinolone.
107. The listed drugs below are all immunosuppressive drugs. Please choose one which is a pro-drug.
A. Azathioprine.
B. Cyclophosphamide.
C. Methotrexate.
D. Cyclosporine.
108. Adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab are all approved for the treatment of rhe-umatoid arthritis. They are all categorized as …
A. immunophilin ligands.
B. cytotoxic immunosuppressants.
C. immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies.
D. Glucocorticoids.
109. Cyclophosphamide is one of the most efficacious immunosuppressive drugs available. The drug produces its immunosuppressive effect by…
A. destroying proliferating lymphoid cells
B. inhibiting the synthesis of interleukin 2
C. decreasing the expression of COX-2
D. promoting the synthesis of annexin-1(lipocortin-1)
110. Erythroblastosis foetalis can be prevented by the injection of….
A. dexamethasone.
B. azathioprine.
C. anti Rh antibody.
D. sirolimus.
111. Which one of the following antiseptics is used for protatisma:
A. Phenazopheridine.
B. Nalidixic acid.
C. Methenamine.
D. Nitrofurantoin.
112.This drug is used to reduce pain in urinary tract infection is …
A. phenazopheridine.
B. nitrofurantoin.
C. nalidixic acid.
D. mupirocine.
113.Which of the following antiseptics is contraindicated for breastfedding?
A. Methenamine.
B. Nalidixic acid.
C. Cynoxacine.
D. Phenazopheridine.
114.Which of the following antiseptics can reduces Phenytoin serum?
A. methenamine.
B. nalidixic acid.
C. phenazopheridine.
D. nitrofurantoin.
115.One of side effects the following antibiotics is Gray syndrome is …
A. Chloramphenicol.
B. Tetracycline.
C. Cephalosphorine.
D. Macrolides.
116.Antacid (Al) reduces one of the following antibiotics:
A. Ampicillin.
B. Kanamycine.
C. Phefloxacine.
D. Lyncosamides.
117.One of the following antibiotics can not be given together with diary products: …
A. Beta –Lactam antibiotics.
B. Tetracycline.
C. Kanamycine.
D. Lincosamides.
118.One of side effects of the following antibiotics is dysphagia is …
A. Cyprofloxacine
B. Spyramicyne
C. Cefazolin
D. Clavulanic acid.
119.Which one of the following indications of Cotrimoxazole is false?
A. Urinary tract infection.
B. Respiratory infection.
C. Gastrointestinal infection.
D. Thyphoid fever.
120.Which one of the following statements about Ampicillin is false?
A. Contraindication is hypersensitivity.
B. Reduce contraceptives oral effects.
C. Can be used for salmonella.
D. Have nephrotoxicity effect .
121. Acute glomerulonephritis in children often occurs after infection of the throat by:
A. Pneumooccocus
B. Streptococcus ß hemolyticus group A
C. Viral
D. Pseudomonas aeroginosa
122. Anti-Streptolysin O response is poor in patient with PSAGN associated with ...
A. Acute pharingitis.
B. Acute tonsillitis.
C. Acute otitis.
D. Impetigo.
123. Decreased C3 titer can be found in patient with …
A. minimal change nephritic syndrome (MCNS).
B. focal glomewrulonephritis.
C. Ig A nephropathy.
D. membranoproliverative glomerulonephritis.
124. Normal C3 titer can be found in patient with …
A. PSAGN.
B. Systemic lupus erythematosus.
C. Henoch Shonlein nephritis.
D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN).
125. Heriditary disease-associated glomerulonephritis is …
A. Alport Syndrome
B. Good-Pasteur syndrome
C. Ig-A nephropathy
D. Henoch Sconlein Nephritis
126. Gross hematuturia is a rare complication in patient with …
A. MCNS
B. MPGN
C. Focal Sclerosis Glomerulonephritis
D. Post streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis ( PSAGN
127. Five percent of children wth PS AGN can occur a severe complication from …
A. hypertensive encephalopathy.
B. acute renal failure.
C. acute congestive heart failure.
D. systemic infection.
128. Desi, a 5 years old girl was admitted at Department of Childhealth with a diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome. ,She was treated with prednisone with initial dose is …..
A. 0,5 mg/kg BW/day
B. 1,0 mg/kg BW/day
C. 1,5 mg/kg BW/day
D. 2,0 mg/kg BW/day
129. After 3 weeks of treatment the symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome of Desi subsided. Base on the response to prednisone, Nephrotic syndrome of Desi is classified as: …
A. MCNS.
B. Focal glomerulosclerosis.
C. Membranous glomerulonephritis.
D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
130. After 28 days of treatment, dose of steroid was decreased into alternate dose:
A. ¾ of the initial dose.
B. ½ of the initial dose.
C. 2/3 of the initial dose.
D. 1/3 of the initial dose.
This case to questions number 131 untill 140.
A medical student aged 23 years, refered to the Departement of Internal Medicine, General Hospital, for evaluation of renal function. His complaints were fatigue, weakness, anorexia, periorbital and pedal oedem, with sudden weight gain as well.
Past medical history: tonsilectomy at age 7, streptococcal infention at age 11 followed by hematuria, and fractured arm at age 14.
Family history: parents are alive and well. Brother aged 14 is also alive and well.
Examination
General: male; 58 kg; 258 cm; blood pressure 128/85 mm Hg (right arm and sitting); pulse rate 72, regular; respiration rate 15; temperature 37° C; lungs clear; heart without gallops or murmur; extremities show 2+ pedal edema; rest of exam within normal limit.
Laboratory result as follow (table below): …
|
Laboratory result
|
|
|
Normal
|
Patient
|
|
BUN (mg/l)
|
10-20
|
50
|
|
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)
|
0.7-1.5
|
2.2
|
|
Creatinine clearance (ml/mnt)
|
110-150
|
40
|
|
Serum sodium (mEq/l)
|
136-145
|
138
|
|
Serum potassium (mEq/l)
|
3.5-5.0
|
4.0
|
|
Serum albumin (g/l)
|
3.5-5.5
|
2.0
|
|
Serum calsium (mg/dl)
|
9.0-11.0
|
7.3
|
|
Serum phosphate (mg/dl)
|
3.0-4.5
|
6.0
|
|
Hb (g/dl)
|
14-18
|
9.8
|
131. As he was a kid, the patient above might be suffered from …
A. pyelonephritis
B. glomerulonephritis
C. nephritis
D. nephrotic syndrome
132.The patient above now suffering from …
A. pyelonephritis
B. glomerulonephritis
C. nephritis
D. nephrotic syndrome
133.It is better to lower phosphor by decreasing intake of food rich in phosphate first before giving phosphate binder. Food to avoid in order to lower phosphate is ….
A.Chocolate.
B. Tomatoes.
C. Oranges.
D.Potatoes.
134.The mortality risk associated with low serum creatinine increases at levels …
A. below 9 mg/dL in individuals on MHD.
B. over 9 mg/dL in individuals on PD.
C. over 11 mg/dL in individuals on MHD.
D. over 11 mg/dL in individuals on MHD or PD.
135.Activated vitamin D analogues are prescribed if evidence of …
A.hypocalcaemia.
B. hypercalcaemia.
C. primary hyperparathyroidism.
D.tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
136.Suppose, the patient is ordered to have a 2500 mg salt diet. It implied that he must con-sume sodium at least …
A.1000 mg
B. 1100 mg
C. 1200 mg
D.1300 mg
137.Foodstuff should be avoided (from number 6) is …
A.nut processed with pork.
B. whole bread
C. nut
D.bean
138.Sodium intake must be restricted for patient above, because high sodium intake ….
A.increase albumin excretion.
B. decrease albumin exretion.
C. increase potassium exretion.
D.decrease potassium exretion
139.The patient above is then sent to laboratory facility for checking PTH. The answer below is wrong for indication of checking PTH: …
A.hyperphosphataemia
B. hypocalcaemia
C. hypophosphataemia
D.fragility fracture
140.Suppose the patient above is becoming worse and worse, and now is diagnosed as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such diagnosisi, of course, based on the folowing data:
A.creatinine serum.
B. creatinin serum.
C. Albumin serum.
D.Sodium serum.
This case to questions number 141 untill 150.
The student above has already finished his study, and now becoming as a part-timer doctor at a 24-hours clinic. Physic and psychic tension because of his every-day job bring a loss i.e worsening his kidney function. His complaint were frequent headaches, nausea and vomiting, severe itching, and an unpleasant taste in his mouth. He also complaint of mucle crumps and twiching, weight loss, weakness, and drowsiness, with difficulty concentrating. The examina-tion provided the following information: blood pressure 180/120 mm Hg, dry body-weight 52 kg (estimated by nephrologist).
|
|
Patient
|
|
Blood pressure (mm Hg)
|
180/120
|
|
Dry bodyweight (kg)
|
52
|
|
BUN (mg/l)
|
100
|
|
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)
|
4,8
|
|
Creatinine clearance (ml/mt)
|
30
|
|
Urea clearance (ml/mt)
|
16
|
|
Serum sodium (mEq/l)
|
142
|
|
Serum potassium (mEq/l)
|
5,7
|
|
Serum albumin (g/l)
|
2,8
|
|
Serum calsium (mg/dl)
|
7,5
|
|
Serum phosphatev(mg/dl)
|
8,5
|
|
Hb (g%)
|
9,8
|
Parathormone level is elevated.
Roentgenography: bone roentgenogram demonstrates renal osteodystrophy.
Impression: chronic renal failure (CKD) in a 26 years old underweight male with history of renal insufficiency and nephrotic syndrome.
Plan: advise on protein intake 40 g a day. Sodium 1 gram. Potassium 40 mEq; fluid: output + 500 ml. Furosemide 40 mg two-times daily. Methyldopa 250 mg three-times daily. Phosphate binder 4 x 500 mg tab three-times daily.
141. CKD is defined as either: …
A. Serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl for man.
B. Serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl for women.
C. Serum creatinine > 1.3 mg/dl for man
D. Albuminuria <300 mg/day.
142. Food to avoid in 40 g protein intake per day is …
A. Yogurt.
B. Cereal.
C. Beverage.
D. butter margarine.
143. Eating meal containing 40 g protein implied cosuming phosphor at average …
A. 700 mg.
B. 750 mg.
C. 800 mg.
D. 850 mg.
144. Precribing 1 gram sodium means to order table salt as much as …
A. 2500 mg.
B. 2750 mg.
C. 3000 mg.
D. 3250 mg.
145. Giving furosemide means bring patient the risk of hypokalemia. In orde to minimize such a risk, recommend him to comsume food below (take into account the phosphate serum value) : …
A. Raisin.
B. Chocolate.
C. Nuts.
D. Beans.
146. In case of hypophosphatemia, the patient above should comsume food or foodstuff rich in phosphate. The foods list belom is low in phosphate content: …
A. Raisin.
B. Chocolate.
C. Nuts.
D. Beans.
147. Because of his hypertension and high sodium serum, the patient has to put on low sodium diet. The food below should advice to him:.
A. Banana.
B. Chocolate.
C. Nuts.
D. Beans.
148. To monitor compliance with this protein restriction diet, doctor may evaluate the direct relationship netween the ratio of SUN to serum creatinin and protein intake or ….
A. urea nitrogen appearance (UNA).
B. blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
C. urea clearance
D. urinary urea nitrogen (UUN)
149. In order to balance water input and output, the item below sholdn’t be taken into account:
A. Water produced by food metabolism.
B. Water out throughout perpiration.
C. Water out throughout respiration
D. Water out throughout urination.
150. The mortality risk associated with this patient’s serum creatinine is ….
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. high
D. low
151. The following are some gneral guidelines for planning a phosphorus-controlled diet:
A. Exclude any product containing bran.
B. Include whole grain.
C. Include dried beans.
D. Exclude any size of egg.
152. Suppose, the patient above is underweight, and lack of appetite as well. The strategy to in-crease energy content of his diet include the following: …
A. Add allowed butter to cooked cereals.
B. Add butter to cooked cereals.
C. Use milk in cooking.
D. None of the above answer.
153. An indicator of the balance between sodium and water is …
A. serum sodium concentration.
B. urinary sodium if weight is stable.
C. urinary sodium if weight is unstable.
D. urine volume.
154. Nutritional assessment is important in renal disease. The assessment must be repeated at interval to evaluate …
A. change in patient’s condition.
B. the efectiveness of the drugs.
C. the compliance with the drugs.
D. all true.
155. Basis for determining the need to restrict protein intake is …
A. GFR value.
B. SUN level.
C. SUN-to-cratinine ratio.
D. all true.*
156. A nonhospitalized patient putting on water restriction feels thirsty along the day. The fol-lowing suggestion can be made to ease the discomfort (EXCEPT): …
A. Rinse the mouth with water and swallow it.
B. Chewing gum to stimulate saliva.
C. Suck on sliced lemon wedges to stimulate saliva.
D. Put lemon juice in ice cubs.
157. Giving diuretic drug such as furosemide to CKD patient means to risk him to undergo …
A. alkalosis.
B. hyponatremia.
C. dry mouth
D. hyperkalemia.
158. All kind of diuretic drugs, but potassium-sparing diuretics, bring side effect as follow (EXCEPT): …
A. hypercalcemia.
B. hyperglycemia.
C. hyperuricemia
D. hypokalemia.
159. Factors influencing dietary intake in renal failure are …
A. a decrease in the ability to conserve sodium with changes in dietary sodium.
B. an increase in the ability to conserve sodium with changes in dietary sodium.
C. an increase in the ability to excrete sodium or conserve sodium with changes in diet-ary sodium.
D. an increase in the ability to excrete sodium.
160. In case of urolithiasis, the most specific stone incidence goes to calcium oxalate (30 to 35 percent). Conditions associated with hypercalciuria is …
A. vitamin D poisoning.
B. hypoparathyroidism.
C. ileal diseas.
D. high dietary intake of fruit and vegetables.
…… usia kita terbatas
sementara keinginan
nyaris tak mengenal tepi …
(sebaiknya, memang, percaya diri,
jangan menoleh ke mana pun; karena teman di sebelahmu
tampaknya juga keteteran …)